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Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) because the unknown etiology of some of them, and sometimes known as borderline forms of multiple sclerosis, is a collection of multiple sclerosis variants, sometimes considered different diseases, but considered by others to form a spectrum differing only in terms of chronicity, severity, and clinical course. Multiple Sclerosis could be considered among the acquired demyelinating syndromes with a multiphasic instead of monophasic behaviour. ==Diseases included in this category== The list of these diseases depends of the author, but usually are included: * Relapsing-Onset multiple sclerosis, the most known and extended variant, normally consisting of two distinct clinical phases (Remitent-Recidivant, RRMS, and Secondary Progressive, SPMS) * Primary progressive MS, sometimes called Progressive-Onset MS by some authors〔Bruno Brochet, Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases, Springer international, Switzerland 2015, ISBN 3319184644, 9783319184647〕 * Optic-spinal MS, or opticospinal, clinical and pathological variant of multiple sclerosis which often include visual symptoms and have a more severe course than typical MS. Though multiple scars (scleroses) are present in CNS, and sometimes is classified as clinically definite multiple sclerosis, currently is considered outside the scope of Multiple Sclerosis and inside the scope of Devic's disease, though it is uncertain if this applies to all cases. * Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and its associated "spectrum of disorders" (NMOSD), currently considered a common syndrome for at least three separated diseases: An AQP4 autoimmune channelopathy, a anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis,〔Pröbstel AK et al. Anti-MOG antibodies are present in a subgroup of patients with a neuromyelitis optica phenotype. J Neuroinflammation. 2015 Mar 8;12(1):46.〕 and at least an idiopathic underlying condition. * CRION (Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis): A distinct clinical entity from other inflammatory demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica-immunoglobulin G (NMO-IgG) spectrum disease, and idiopathic relapsing optic neuritis.〔Ian Rossman. An 8 Year Old Girl with Chronic Inflammatory Optic Neuritis (CRION): the Youngest Reported Case to Date, Neurology April 6, 2015 vol. 84 no. 14 Supplement P7.015〕 * Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or ADEM, a closely related disorder in which a known virus or vaccine triggers autoimmunity against myelin. * Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, possibly a variant of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis * Balo concentric sclerosis, an unusual presentation of plaques forming concentrenic circles, which can sometimes get better spontaneously. * Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural demyelinating lesion; and is more common in children. * Marburg multiple sclerosis, an aggressive form, also known as malignant, fulminant or acute MS. * Tumefactive multiple sclerosis: lesions whose size is more than 2 cm, with mass effect, oedema and/or ring enhancement * Solitary sclerosis: This variant has been recently proposed (2012) by Mayo Clinic researches. though it was also reported by other groups more or less at the same time. It is defined as isolated demyelinating lesions which produce a progressive myelopathy similar to primary progressive MS, and is currently considered a synonym for tumefactive multiple sclerosis. Some inflammatory conditions are associated with the presence of the scleroses. Optic neuritis (monophasic and recurrent) and Transverse myelitis (monophasic and recurrent) As MS is an active field for research, the list is not closed or definitive. For example, some diseases like Susac's syndrome (MS has an important vascular component), leukoaraiosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis (aka chronic fatigue syndrome) or autoimmune variants of peripheral neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome or progressive inflammatory neuropathy could be included assuming the autoimmune model. Also Leukodystrophy (which see) and its sub-conditions: Adrenoleukodystrophy and Adrenomyeloneuropathy could be in the list. Venous induced demyelination has also been proposed as a hypothetical MS variant produced by CCSVI. Recent research has identified some possible new variants, like the possibility to separate primary progressive MS, PPMS, after recent findings seem to point that it is pathologically a very different disease.〔 Also a KIR4.1 multiple sclerosis variant was reported in 2012 and later reported again, which could be considered a different disease (as Devic disease did before), and can represent up to a 47% of the MS cases. Finally, there exist some reports of an aquaporine-related multiple sclerosis, related to vegetal aquaporine proteins. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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